> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://linux-tutorial-cli.gitbook.io/linux-cli-tutorial/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://linux-tutorial-cli.gitbook.io/linux-cli-tutorial/commands.md).

# Linux Commands

### Table

**│** [**A**](#-a-) **│** [**B**](#-b-) **│** [**C**](#-c-) **│** [**D**](#-d-) **│** [**E**](#-e-) **│** [**F**](#-f-) **│** [**G**](#-g-) **│** [**H**](#-h-) **│** [**I**](#-i-) **│** [**J**](#-j-) **│** [**K**](#-k-) **│** [**L**](#-l-) **│** [**M**](#-m-) **│** [**N**](#-n-) **│** [**O**](/linux-cli-tutorial/commands.md) **│** [**P**](#-p-) **│** [**Q**](/linux-cli-tutorial/commands.md) **│** [**R**](#-r-) **│** [**S**](#-s-) **│** [**T**](#-t-) **│** [**U**](#-u-) **│** [**V**](#-v-) **│** [**W**](#-w-) **│** [**X**](#-x-) **│** [**Y**](/linux-cli-tutorial/commands.md) **│** [**Z**](#-z-) **│**

### Top 100 Linux Commands Cheat Sheet

[Top 100 Linux Commands](https://medium.com/@AnnAfame/top-100-linux-commands-cheat-sheet-cf627b585e68)

**I have prepared a help and manual for Linux, based on Ubuntu (cause other distribution are using same kernel the commands are mostly same). However, if you require specific guidance for a different Linux distribution, this resource can be helpful.**

[manned](https://manned.org/)

## A

## accept command

[accept help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/accept.md)

Accept or Reject jobs to a destination, such as a printer.

## access command

[access help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/access.md)

Check a user’s RWX(read, write and execute) permission for a file.

## accton command

[accton help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/accton.md)

Used to turn on or turn off the process for accounting or change info process accounting file.

## aclocal command

[aclocal help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/aclocal.md)

Used to automatically generate aclocal.m4 files from configure.in file.

## acpi command

[acpi help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/acpi.md)

## acpid command

[acpid help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/acpid.md)

Show information about the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface.

## addr2line command

[addr2line help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/addr2line.md)

Used to convert addresses into file names and line numbers.

## addresses command

[addresses help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/addresses.md)

Formats for internet mail addresses.

## agetty command

[agetty help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/agetty.md)

An alternative Linux Getty that manages physical or virtual terminals to allow multi-user access.

## alias, unalias commands

[alies help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/alias.md)

Create an alias, a shortcut that references a command.

## alsactl command

[alsactl help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/alsactl.md)

Access advanced controls for ALSA soundcard driver.

## amidi command

[amidi help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/amidi.md)

Perform read/write operation for ALSA RawMIDI ports.

## amixer command

[amixer help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/amixer.md)

Access CLI-based mixer for ALSA soundcard driver.

## anacron command

[anacron help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/anacron.md)

Used to run commands periodically.

## apachetop command

[apachetop help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/apachetop.md)

## aplay command

[aplay help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/aplay.md)

Sound recorder and player for CLI.

## aplaymidi command

[aplaymidi help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/aplaymidi.md)

CLI utility used to play MIDI files.

## apm command

[apm help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/apm.md)

Show Advanced Power Management (APM) hardware info on older systems.

## apmd command

[apmd help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/apmd.md)

Used to handle events reported by APM BIOS drivers.

## apropos command

[apropos help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/apropos.md)

Shows the list of all man pages containing a specific keyword.

## apt-get command

[apt help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/apt-get.md)

Command-line utility to install/remove/update packages based on APT system.

## apt command

[apt help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/apt.md)

Advanced Package Tool, a package management system for Debian and derivatives.

## aptitude command

[aptitude help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/aptitude.md)

Another utility to add/remove/upgrade packages based on the APT system.

## ar command

[ar help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ar.md)

A utility to create/modify/extract from archives.

## arch command

[arch help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/arch.md)

Display print machine hardware name.

## arecord command

[arecord help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/arecord.md)

Just like aplay, it’s a sound recorder and player for ALSA(Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) soundcard driver.

## arecordmid command

[arecordmid help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/arecordmid.md)

Record standard MIDI files.

## arecord command

[arecord help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/arecord.md)

## arp command

[arp help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/arp.md)

Used to make changes to the system’s ARP cache.

## aspell command

[aspell help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/aspell.md)

An interactive spell checker utility.

## at command

[at help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/at.md)

Used to schedule command execution at specified date & time, reading commands from an input file.

## atd command

[atd help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/atd.md)

Used to execute jobs queued by the at command.

## atop command

[atop help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/atop.md)

## atq command

[atq help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/atq.md)

List a user’s pending jobs for the at command.

## aplay command

[aplay help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/aplay.md)

## atrm command

[atrm help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/atrm.md)

Delete jobs queued by the at command.

## aumix command

[aumix help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/aumix.md)

An audio mixer utility.

## autoconf command

[autoconf help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/autoconf.md)

Generate configuration scripts from a TEMPLATE-FILE and send the output to standard output.

## autoheader command

[autoheader help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/autoheader.md)

Create a template header for configure.

## automake command

[automake help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/automake.md)

Creates GNU standards-compliant Makefiles from template files.

## autoreconf command

[autoreconf help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/autoreconf.md)

Update generated configuration files.

## autoscan command

[autoscan help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/autoscan.md)

Generate a preliminary configure.in file.

## B

## badblocks command

[badblocks help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/badblocks.md)

Search a disk partition for bad sectors.

## banner command

[banner help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/banner.md)

Used to print the ASCII character string in large letter to standard output

## basename command

[basename help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/basename.md)

It strips directory information and suffixes from file names ie it prints the file name NAME with any leading directory components removed

## batch command

[batch help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/batch.md)

Used to read commands from standard input or a specified file and execute them when system load levels permit ie when the load average drops below

## bc command

[bc help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/bc.md)

Used for command line calculator

## bg command

[bg help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/bg.md)

Used to place foreground jobs in background

## biff command

[biff help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/biff.md)

A mail notification system for unix that notifies the user at the command line when new mail arrives and tells from whom it is

## bind command

[bind help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/bind.md)

Used to set Readline key bindings and variables

## bison command

[bison help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/bison.md)

It is basically a parser generator similar to yacc

## break command

[break help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/break.md)

Used to terminate the execution of for loop, while loop and until loop

## builtin command

[builtin help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/builtin.md)

Used to run a shell builtin, passing it arguments(args), and also to get the exit status

## bzcmp command

[bzcmp help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/bzcmp.md)

Used to invoke the cmp utility on bzip compressed files

## bzdiff command

[bzdiff help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/bzdiff.md)

Used to compare the bzip compressed files

## bzgrep command

[bzgrep help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/bzgrep.md)

Used to search for a pattern or an expression but inside a bzip-compressed file

## bzip2 command

[bzip2 help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/bzip2.md)

Used to compress and decompress the files

## C

## cal command

[cal help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/cal.md)

Used to see the calendar of a specific month or a whole year By default, it shows current month’s calendar as output.

## cardctl command

[cardctl help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/cardctl.md)

Used to control PCMCIA sockets and select configuration schemes.

## cardmgr command

[cardmgr help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/cardmgr.md)

Keeps an eye on the added/removes sockets for PCMCIA devices.

## case command

[case help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/case.md)

It is the best alternative when we had to use multiple if/elif on a single variable

## cat command

[cat help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/cat.md)

cat - create, view and concatenate files

## cc command

[cc help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/cc.md)

GNU C and C++ compiler.

## cp command

[cp help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/cp.md)

cp - copy files and directories

## cat command

[cat help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/cat.md)

cat - create, view and concatenate files

## ccrypt command

[ccrypt help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ccrypt.md)

Used for encryption and decryption of data.

## cd command

[cd help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/cd.md)

cd - change director

* cd / ----> change to the root directory
* cd \~ ----> change to your home directory
* cd ----> change to your home directory
* cd ----> change to the directory above your current ie parent directory
* cd ----> change to the directory you currently in
* cd - ----> change to the last visited path

## cdparanoia command

[cdparanoia help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/cdparanoia.md)

Record audio from CD more reliably using data-verification algorithms.

## cdrdao command

[cdrdao help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/cdrdao.md)

Used to write all the content specified to a file to a CD all at once.

## cfdisk command

[cfdisk help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/cfdisk.md)

Show or change the disk partition table.

## chage command

[chage help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/chage.md)

Used to view and change the user password expiry information

## chattr command

[chattr help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/chattr.md)

It is a file system command which is used for changing the attributes of a file in a directory

## chdir command

[chdir help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/chdir.md)

Used to change active working directory.

## chfn command

[chfn help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/chfn.md)

It allows you to change a user’s name and other details easily chfn stands for Change finger

## chgrp command

[chgrp help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/chgrp.md)

Used to change the group ownership of a file or directory

## chkconfig command

[chkconfig help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/chkconfig.md)

Used to list all available services and view or update their run level settings

## chmod command

[chmod help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/chmod.md)

Change access permission for a file(s).

## chown command

[chown help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/chown.md)

Change the owner or group for a file.

## chpasswd command

[chpasswd help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/chpasswd.md)

Update password in a batch.

## chroot command

[chroot help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/chroot.md)

Run a command with root directory.

## chrt command

[chrt help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/chrt.md)

Alter process attributed in real-time.

## chsh command

[chsh help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/chsh.md)

Used to change the user’s login shell(currently login shell)

## chvt command

[chvt help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/chvt.md)

Used to switch between the different TTY (TeleTYpewriter) terminals available

## cksum command

[cksum help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/cksum.md)

Used to display a CRC(Cyclic Redundancy Check) value, the byte size of the file and the name of the file to standard output

## cmp command

[cmp help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/cmp.md)

Used to compare the two files byte by byte and helps you to find out whether the two files are identical or not

## colcrt command

[colcrt help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/colcrt.md)

Used to format the text processor output so that it can be viewed on Cathode Ray Tube displays

## clorm command

[clorm help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/clorm.md)

Remove columns from the lines of a file.

## column command

[column help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/cloumn.md)

Used to display the contents of a file in columns

## comm command

[comm help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/comm.md)

Compares two sorted files line by line and write to standard output; the lines that are common and the lines that are unique

## compress command

[compress help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/compress.md)

Used to reduce the file size After compression, the file will be available with an added Z extension

## continue command

[continue help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/continue.md)

Used to skip the current iteration in for, while and until loop

## cp command

[cp help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/cp.md)

Copy contents of one file to another.

## cpio command

[cpio help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/cpio.md)

cpio stands for “copy in, copy out“ It is used for processing the archive files like \*cpio or \*tar This command can copy files to and from archives

## cron command

[cron help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/cron.md)

A software utility, offered by Linux-like operating system which automates the scheduled task at a predetermined time

## crond command

[crond help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/crond.md)

Same work as cron.

## crontab command

[crontab help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/crontab.md)

A list of commands that you want to run on a regular schedule, and also the name of the command used to manage that list.

## csplit command

[csplit help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/csplit.md)

Used to split any file into many parts as required by the user.

## ctags command

[ctags help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ctags.md)

It allows quick access across the files (For example quickly seeing definition of a function)

## cupsd command

[cupsd help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/cupsd.md)

It is a type of scheduler for CUPS (Common Unit Printing System) It implements the printing system on the basis of the Internet Printing Protocol

## curl command

[curl help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/curl.md)

A tool to transfer data to or from a server, using any of the supported protocols

## cut command

[cut help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/cut.md)

For cutting out the sections from each line of files and writing the result to standard output

## cvs command

[cvs help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/cvs.md)

Used to store the history of a file Whenever a file gets corrupted or anything goes wrong “cvs” help us to go back to the previous version and restore our file

## D

## date command

[date help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/date.md)

Used to display the system date and time It is also used to set date and time of the system

## dd command

[dd help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/dd.md)

## debugfs command

[debugfs help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/debugfs.md)

## declare command

[declare help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/declare.md)

Used to declare shell variables and functions, set their attributes and display their values

## depmod command

[depmod help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/depmod.md)

Used to generate a list of dependency description of kernel modules and its associated map files

## ddrescue command

[ddrescue help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ddrescue.md)

## du command

[du help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/du.md)

## diff command

[diff help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/diff.md)

## dmesg command

[dmesg help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/dmesg.md)

## dd command

[dd help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/dd.md)

It is a command-line utility for Unix and Unix-like operating systems whose primary purpose is to convert and copy files

## diff command

[diff help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/diff.md)

Used to display the differences in the files by comparing the files line by line

## dirname command

[dirname help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/dirname.md)

Used to remove the trailing forward slahes “/” from the NAME and prints the remaining portion

## dirs command

[dirs help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/dirs.md)

Used to display the list of currently remembered directories

## disable command

[disable help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/disable.md)

Used to stop the printers or classes

## dmesg command

[dmesg help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/dmesg.md)

Used to examine the kernel ring buffer and print the message buffer of kernel

## domainname command

[domainname help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/domainname.md)

Used to return the Network Information System (NIS) domain name of the host

## dstat command

[dstat help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/dstat.md)

Used to retrieve information or statistics form components of the system such as network connections, IO devices, or CPU, etc

## dump command

[dump help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/dump.md)

Used to backup the filesystem to some storage device

## dumpkeys command

[dumpkeys help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/dumpkeys.md)

Used for the dump keyboard translation tables

## E

## echo command

[echo help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/echo.md)

## eject command

[eject help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/eject.md)

It allows ejecting a removable media (typically a CD-ROM, floppy disk, tape, or JAZ or ZIP disk) using the software

## emacs command

[emacs help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/emacs.md)

It is a editor having simple user interface Also, there is no insert mode in this editor It only have editing mode

## enable command

[enable help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/enable.md)

Used to start the printers or classes

## env command

[env help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/env.md)

Used to either print environment variables It is also used to run a utility or command in a custom environment

## eval command

[eval help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/eval.md)

Built-in command used to execute arguments as a shell command

## exit command

[exit help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/exit.md)

Used to exit the shell where it is currently running

## expand command

[expand help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/expand.md)

Allows you to convert tabs into spaces in a file and when no file is specified it reads from standard input

## expect command

[expect help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/expect.md)

This command or scripting language works with scripts that expect user inputs It automates the task by providing inputs

## export command

[export help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/export.md)

It is bash shell BUILTINS commands, which means it is part of the shell It marks an environment variables to be exported to child-processes

## expr command

[expr help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/expr.md)

It evaluates a given expression and displays its corresponding output

## F

## factor command

[factor help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/factor.md)

Used to print the prime factors of the given numbers, either given from command line or read from standard input

## fc command

[fc help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/fc.md)

Used to list, edit or re-execute the commands previously entered into an interactive shell

## fc-list command

[fc-list help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/fc-list.md)

It is used to list the available fonts and font styles Using the format option, the list of all fonts can be filtered and sorted out

## fg command

[fg help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/file.md)

Used to put a background job in foreground

## file command

[file help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/file.md)

Used to determine the type of a file file type may be of human-readable(eg ‘ASCII text’) or MIME type(eg ‘text/plain; charset=us-ascii’)

## find command

[find help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/find.md)

Used to find files and directories and perform subsequent operations on them

## finger command

[finger help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/finger.md)

It is a user information lookup command which gives details of all the users logged in

## fmt command

[fmt help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/fmt.md)

Works as a formatter for simplifying and optimizing text files

## fold command

[fold help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/fold.md)

It wraps each line in an input file to fit a specified width and prints it to the standard output

## for command

[for help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/for.md)

Used to repeatedly execute a set of command for every element present in the list

## find command

[find help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/find.md)

## fdisk command

[fdisk help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/fdisk.md)

## find command

[find help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/find.md)

## fun command

[Fun help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/fun.md)

Used to draw various type of patterns on the terminal

## function command

[function help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/function.md)

Used to create functions or methods

## G

## gawk command

[gawk help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/gawk.md)

Used for pattern scanning and processing language

## gdb command

[gdb help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/gdb.md)

GNU Debugger tool helps to debug the programs written in C, C++, Ada, Fortran, etc

## getent command

[getent help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/getent.md)

Used to get the entries in a number of important text files called databases

## gpasswd command

[gpasswd help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/gpasswd.md)

Used to administer the /etc/group and /etc/gshadow

## groupdel command

[groupadd help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/groupdel.md)

Used to create a new user group

## groupdel command

[groupdel help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/groupdel.md)

Used to delete a existing group

## groupmod command

[groupmod help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/groupmod.md)

Used to modify or change the existing group on Linux system

## groups command

[groups help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/groups.md)

Groups are the collection of users Groups make it easy to manage users with the same security and access privileges

## grpck command

[grpck help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/grpck.md)

It verifies the integrity of the groups information It checks that all entries in /etc/group and /etc/gshadow have the proper format and contain valid data

## grpconv command

[grpconv help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/grpconv.md)

It is used to convert to shadow groups The grpconv command creates a gshadow from the group and an optionally existing gshadow

## gs command

[gs help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/gs.md)

This command invokes Ghostscript, which is an interpreter of Adobe Systems PostScript and Portable Document Format(PDF) languages

## gunzip command

[gunzip help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/gunzip.md)

Used to compress or expand a file or a list of files in Linux

## gzexe command

[gzexe help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/gzexe.md)

Used to compress executable files and also used to automatically uncompress and execute the files

## grep command

[grep help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/grep.md)

## GoAccess command

[GoAccess help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/GoAccess.md)

## gzip command

[gzip help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/gzip.md)

This command compresses files Each single file is compressed into a single file

## H

## halt command

[halt help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/halt.md)

Used to instruct the hardware to stop all the CPU functions Basically, it reboots or stops the system

## head command

[head help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/head.md)

## hash command

[hash help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/hash.md)

Used to maintain a hash table of recently executed programs

## hdparm command

[hdparm help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/hdparm.md)

Used to get statistics about the hard disk, alter writing intervals, acoustic management, and DMA settings

## hexdump command

[hexdump help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/hexdump.md)

Used to filter and display the specified files, or standard input in a human readable specified format

## history command

[history help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/history.md)

Used to view the previously executed command

## hostid command

[hostid help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/hostid.md)

Used to displays the Host’s ID in hexadecimal format

## hostname command

[hostname help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/hostname.md)

Used to obtain the DNS(Domain Name System) name and set the system’s hostname or NIS(Network Information System) domain name

## hostnamectl command

[hostnamectl help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/hostnamectl.md)

Provides a proper API used to control Linux system hostname and change its related settings

## hwclock command

[hwclock help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/hwclock.md)

Utility for accessing the hardware clock, also called Real Time Clock (RTC)

## I

## iconv command

[iconv help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/iconv.md)

Used to convert some text in one encoding into another encoding

## id command

[id help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/id.md)

Used to find out user and group names and numeric ID’s (UID or group ID) of the current user or any other user in the server

## info command

[info help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/info.md)

## if command

[if help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/if.md)

Used to execute commands based on conditions

## ifconfig command

[ifconfig help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ifconfig.md)

Used to configure the kernel-resident network interfaces

## iftop command

[iftop help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/iftop.md)

It is a network analyzing tool used by system administrators to view the bandwidth related stats

## ifup command

[ifup help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ifup.md)

It basically brings the network interface up, allowing it to transmit and receive dat

## import command

[import help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/import.md)

Used for capturing a screenshot for any of the active pages we have and it gives the output as an image file

## insmod command

[insmod help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/insmod.md)

Used to insert modules into the kernel

## install command

[install help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/install.md)

Used to copy files and set attributes

## iostat command

[iostat help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/iostat.md)

Used for monitoring system input/output statistics for devices and partitions

## iotop command

[iotop help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/iotop.md)

Used to display and monitor the disk IO usage details and even gets a table of existing IO utilization by the process

## ipcrm command

[ipcrm help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ipcrm.md)

Used to remove some IPC(Inter-Process Communication) resources It eliminates the IPC objects and their associated data structure form the system

## iwconfig command

[iwconfig help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/iwconfig.md)

Used to display the parameters, and the wireless statistics which are extracted from /proc/net/wireless

## J

## jobs command

[jobs help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/jobs.md)

Show the list of active jobs and their status.

## jnettop command

[jnettop help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/jnettop.md)

## join command

[join help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/join.md)

It is a command line utility for joining lines of two files based on a key field present in both the files

## journalctl command

[journalctl help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/journalctl.md)

Used to view systemd, kernel and journal logs

## K

## kill command

[kill help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/kill.md)

Used to terminate processes manually kill command sends a signal to a process which terminates the process

## L

## last command

[last help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/last.md)

Used to display the list of all the users logged in and out since the file /var/log/wtmp was created

## Logwatch command

[Logwatch help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/Logwatch.md)

## locate command

[locate help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/locate.md)

## less command

[less help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/less.md)

## let command

[let help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/let.md)

Used to evaluate arithmetic expressions on shell variables

## ls command

[ls help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ls.md)

ls - listing files and directories

## ln command

[ln help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ln.md)

Used to create links between files

## locate command

[locate help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/locate.md)

Used to find the files by name

## look command

[look help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/look.md)

Shows the lines beginning with a given string

## lsblk command

[help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/lsblk.md)

Used to display details about block devices and these block devices(Except ram disk) are basically those files that represent devices connected to the pc

## lshw command

[lshw help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/lshw.md)

Used to generate the detailed information of the system’s hardware configuration from various files in the /proc directory

## lsusb command

[lsusb help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/lsusb.md)

Used to display the information about USB buses and the devices connected to them

## M

## man command

[man help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/man.md)

## mailq command

[mailq help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/mailq.md)

This command in Linux prints the mail queue ie the list of messages that are there in the mail queue

## mv command

[mv help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/mv.md)

## mkdir command

[mkdir help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/mkdir.md)

mkdir - create directories

## modinfo command

[modinfo help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/modinfo.md)

Used to display the information about a Linux Kernel module

## mount command

[mount help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/mount.md)

Used to mount the filesystem found on a device to big tree structure(Linux filesystem) rooted at ‘/‘

## mpstat command

[mpstat help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/mpstat.md)

Used to report processor related statistics

## N

## nc(netcat) command

[nc help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/nc.md)

It is one of the powerful networking tool, security tool or network monitoring tool

## netstat command

[netstat help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/netstat.md)

Displays various network related information such as network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, multicast memberships, etc

## nmcli command

[nmcli help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/nmcli.md)

Used for controlling NetworkManager nmcli command can also be used to display network device status, create, edit, activate/deactivate, and delete network connections

## nslookup command

[nslookup help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/nslookup.md)

It is a network administration tool for querying the Domain Name System (DNS) to obtain domain name or IP address mapping or any other specific DNS record

## P

## paste command

[paste help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/paste.md)

Used to join files horizontally (parallel merging) by outputting lines consisting of lines from each file specified, separated by tab as delimiter, to the standard output

## pidof command

[pidof help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/pidof.md)

Used to find out the process IDs of a specific running program

## ping command

[ping help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ping.md)

Used to check the network connectivity between host and server/host

## pmap command

[pmap help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/pmap.md)

## ps command

[ps help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ps.md)

## poweroff command

[poweroff help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/poweroff.md)

## ping command

[ping help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ping.md)

## pwd command

[pwd help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/pwd.md)

pwd - print current working directory (= at what path the user currently located)

## printf command

[printf help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/printf.md)

Used to display the given string, number or any other format specifier on the terminal window

## ranlib command

[ranlib help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ranlib.md)

Used to generate index to archive

## R

## rcp command

[rcp help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/rcp.md)

Used to copy files from one computer to another computer

## read command

[read help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/read.md)

Reads up the total number of bytes from the specified file descriptor into the buffer

## rmdir command

[rmdir help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/rmdir.md)

## rm command

[rm help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/rm.md)

rm - remove files and directories

## readelf command

[readelf help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/readelf.md)

Used to get information of ELF(Executable and Linkable Format) Files

## readlink command

[readlink help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/readlink.md)

Used to print resolved symbolic links or canonical file names

## reboot command

[reboot help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/reboot.md)

Instructs the system to rest or reboot

## reset command

[reset help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/reset.md)

Used to initialize the terminal This is useful once a program dies leaving a terminal in an abnormal state

## restore command

[restore help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/restore.md)

Used for restoring files from a backup created using dump

## return command

[return help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/return.md)

Used to exit from a shell function

## rev command

[rev help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/rev.md)

Used to reverse the lines characterwise

## rmmod command

[rmmod help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/rmmod.md)

Used to remove a module from the kernel

## route command

[route help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/route.md)

Used when you want to work with the IP/kernel routing table

## S

## sar command

[sar help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/sar.md)

## screen command

[screen help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/screen.md)

Provides the ability to launch and use multiple shell sessions from a single ssh session

## sudo command

[sudo help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/sudo.md)

## script command

[script help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/script.md)

Used to make typescript or record all the terminal activities

## sdiff command

[sdiff help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/sdiff.md)

Used to compare two files and then writes the results to standard output in a side-by-side format

## sed command

[sed help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/sed.md)

Used for finding, filtering, text substitution, replacement and text manipulations like insertion, deletion search etc

## select command

[select help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/select.md)

Used to create a numbered menu from which a user can select an option

## seq command

[seq help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/seq.md)

Used to generate numbers from FIRST to LAST in steps of INCREMENT

## setsid command

[setsid help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/setsid.md)

Used to run a program in a new session

## su command

[su help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/su.md)

## shift command

[shift help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/shift.md)

Shifts/moves the command line arguments to one position left

## showkey command

[showkey help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/showkey.md)

prints to standard output either the scan codes or the key code or the \`ascii’ code of each key pressed

## shred command

[shred help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/shred.md)

Used in order to delete a file completely from hard disk

## shutdown command

[shutdown help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/shutdown.md)

Used to shutdown the system in a safe way

## sleep command

[sleep help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/sleep.md)

Used to create a dummy job A dummy job helps in delaying the execution

## source command

[source help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/source.md)

Used to read and execute the content of a file(generally set of commands), passed as an argument in the current shell script

## sort command

[sort help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/sort.md)

Used to sort a file, arranging the records in a particular order

## split command

[split help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/split.md)

Used to split large files into smaller files

## ssh command

[ssh help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ssh.md)

Protocol used to securely connect to a remote server/system

## strace command

[strace help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/strace.md)

It is one of the most powerful process monitoring, diagnostic, instructional tool of Linux

## stty command

[stty help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/stty.md)

Used to change and print terminal line settings

## sum command

[sum help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/sum.md)

Used to find checksum and count the blocks in a file

## sync command

[sync help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/sync.md)

Used to synchronize cached writes to persistent storage

## T

## tac command

[tac help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/tac.md)

Used to concatenate and print files in reverse

## tail command

[Tail help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/tail.md)

Prints the last N number of data of the given input

## tailf command

[Tailf help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/tailf.md)

## talkd command

[talkd help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/talkd.md)

## tar command

[tar help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/tar.md)

Used to create Archive and extract the Archive files

## taskset command

[taskset help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/taskset.md)

## tcpdump command

[tcpdump help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/tcpdump.md)

## tcpslice command

[tcpslice help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/tcpslice.md)

## tcpslice command

[tcpslice help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/tcpslice.md)

## tee command

[tee help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/tee.md)

## telnet command

[telnet help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/telnet.md)

## terminator command

[terminator help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/terminator.md)

## tftp command

[tftp help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/tftp.md)

## tftpd command

[tftpd help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/tftpd.md)

## tmpwatch command

[tmpwatch help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/tmpwatch.md)

## top command

[top help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/top.md)

## touch command

[touch help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/touch.md)

touch - update file's timestamp More commonly used for creating files

## tput command

[tput help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/tput.md)

## tr command

[tr help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/tr.md)

It is a command line utility for translating or deleting characters

## tracepath command

[tracepath help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/tracepath.md)

Used to traces path to destination discovering MTU along this path

## traceroute command

[traceroute help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/traceroute.md)

Prints the route that a packet takes to reach the host

## trep command

[trep help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/trap.md)

## tree command

[tree help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/tree.md)

## tset command

[tset help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/tset.md)

## tty command

[tty help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/tty.md)

It displays the information related to terminal It basically prints the file name of the terminal connected to standard input

## tune2fs command

[tune2fs help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/tune2fs.md)

## tunelp command

[tunelp help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/tunelp.md)

## type command

[type help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/type.md)

## U

## ul command

[ul help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ul.md)

## unalias command

[unalias help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/unalias.md)

## uname command

[uname help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/uname.md)

Displays the information about the system

## uncompress command

[uncompress help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/uncompress.md)

## unexpand command

[unexpand help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/unexpand.md)

Converts each spaces into tabs writing the produced output to the standard output

## unicode\_start command

[unicode\_start help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/unicode_start.md)

## unicode\_stop command

[help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/unicode_stop.md)

## uniq command

[uniq help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/uniq.md)

It is a command line utility that reports or filters out the repeated lines in a file

## units command

[units help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/units.md)

## unix2dos command

[unix2dos help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/unix2dos.md)

## unshar command

[unshar help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/unshar.md)

## until command

[until help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/until.md)

Used to execute a set of commands as long as the final command in the ‘until’ Commands has an exit status which is not zero

## uptime command

[Uptime help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/uptime.md)

Used to find out how long the system is active (running)

## useradd, userdel commands

[useradd help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/useradd.md)

## usermod command

[usermod help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/usermod.md)

## usleep command

[usleep help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/usleep.md)

## uudecode command

[uudecode help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/uuencode.md)

## uuencode command

[uuencode help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/uuencode.md)

## uuidgen command

[uuidgen help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/uuidgen.md)

## V

## vi command

A text editor utility.

## vidmode command

[vidmode help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/vidmode.md)

Set the video mode for a kernel image. Displays current mode value without arguments.

## vim command

Vi Improved, a text-based editor which is a successor to vi.

## vmstat command

[vmstat help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/vmstat.md)

It is a performance monitoring command of the system as it gives the information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, disk and CPU scheduling

## vnstat command

[vnstat help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/vnstat.md)

Used by system administrators in order to monitor network parameters such as bandwidth consumption or maybe some traffic flowing in or out

## W

## w command

[w help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/w.md)

Used to show who is logged on and what they are doing

## wall command

[wall help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/wall.md)

Displays a message, or the contents of a file, or otherwise its standard input, on the terminals of all currently logged in users

## wc command

[wc help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/wc.md)

Used to find out number of lines, word count, byte and characters count in the files specified in the file arguments

## wget command

[Wget help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/wget.md)

Used to download files from the server even when the user has not logged on to the system and it can work in background without hindering the current process

## whatch command

[watch help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/whatch.md)

Used to execute a program periodically, showing output in fullscreen

## whatis command

[whatis help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/whatis.md)

## which command

[which help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/which.md)

Used to locate the executable file associated with the given command by searching it in the path environment variable

## while command

[while help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/while.md)

Used to repeatedly execute a set of command as long as the COMMAND returns true

## who command

[who help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/who.md)

Used to get information about currently logged in user on to system

## whoami command

[whoami help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/whoami.md)

Displays the username of the current user when this command is invoked

## write command

[write help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/write.md)

Allows a user to communicate with other users, by copying lines from one user’s terminal to others

## X

## xargs command

[xargs help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/xargs.md)

Used to build and execute commands from standard input It converts input received from standard input into arguments of a command

## xdg-open command

[xdg-open help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/xdg-open.md)

## xinetd command

[xinetd help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/xinetd.md)

## xz command

[xz help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/xz.md)

## Y

## yacc command

[yacc help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/yacc.md)

## yes command

[yes help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/yes.md)

## ypbind command

[help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ypbind.md)

## ypcat command

[help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ypcat.md)

## ypinit command

[help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ypinit.md)

## ypmatch command

[help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ypmatch.md)

## yppasswd command

[help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/yppasswd.md)

## yppasswdd command

[help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/yppasswdd.md)

## yppoll command

[help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/yppoll.md)

## yppush command

[help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/yppush.md)

## ypserv command

[help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/ypserv.md)

## ypset command

[help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ypset.md)

## yptest command

[yptest help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/yptest.md)

## ypwhich command

[ypwhich help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ypwhich.md)

## ypxfr command

[ypxfr help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/ypxfr.md)

## Z

## zcat command

[zcat help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/zcat.md)

## zcmp command

[zcmp help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/zcmp.md)

## zdiff command

[zdiff help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/zdiff.md)

Used to invoke the diff program on files compressed via gzip

## zdump command

[zdump help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/zdump.md)

Used to print the current time in the specified zone or you can say prints the current time in each zonename named on the command line

## zforce command

[zforce help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/zforce.md)

## zgrep command

[zgrep help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/zgrep.md)

Used to search out expressions from a given a file even if it is compressed

## zic command

[zic help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/zic.md)

## zip command

[zip help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/hostid.md)

It is a compression and file packaging utility for Unix Each file is stored in single zip {zip-filename} file with the extension zip

## zmore command

[zmore help](https://github.com/SamanKhalife/linux-Tutorial/blob/main/TXT%20FILES/zmore.md)

## znew command

[znew help](/linux-cli-tutorial/txt-files/znew.md)

### get help source: geeksforgeeks