newrole

The newrole command in Linux is used to switch to a new SELinux security context, allowing users to assume roles with different sets of permissions and restrictions defined by SELinux policy. SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux) enhances system security through mandatory access controls (MAC), which include roles that define what actions and operations users can perform on the system. Here’s a detailed explanation of newrole, its usage, and significance:

Purpose of newrole

The main purpose of newrole is to:

• Allow users to transition to a different SELinux security context, typically associated with a different role defined in the SELinux policy.

• Enable users to temporarily assume roles with specific permissions required for tasks without permanently changing user roles.

Key Features and Functionality

1. Role Transition: newrole facilitates the transition to a different SELinux role, which may have different sets of permissions and access restrictions.

2. Context Switch: It switches the SELinux security context of the current user to the context associated with the specified role.

Usage

To use newrole, open a terminal and type:

newrole [-r role] [-t type] [command]

• -r role: Specifies the SELinux role to transition to.

• -t type: Specifies the SELinux type (security context) to transition to.

• command: Optional command to execute under the new role.

Example Commands

Example 1: Switching to a Different Role

newrole -r system_r

This command switches the current user to the SELinux role system_r.

Example 2: Executing a Command Under a Different Role

newrole -r staff_r ls -l

This command executes the ls -l command under the SELinux role staff_r.

Benefits

• Least Privilege Principle: Enables users to operate under roles with minimal necessary permissions, adhering to the principle of least privilege.

• Temporary Role Assignment: Provides temporary access to roles for specific tasks without requiring permanent role changes.

Security Considerations

• Role Permissions: Ensure that the assigned role has the appropriate permissions to perform required tasks without compromising system security.

• Context Management: Understand the implications of switching roles, especially in environments with strict security policies and auditing requirements.

Conclusion

newrole is a useful command in SELinux environments for managing access privileges through role-based access controls. By using newrole, administrators can enforce security policies effectively, reduce the risk of unauthorized access, and ensure system integrity in compliance with SELinux best practices.