DISPLAY

In Unix and Linux systems, the DISPLAY environment variable plays a crucial role in determining where graphical applications are displayed. Here's an overview of its significance and usage:

Purpose of DISPLAY

• Graphical Output Location: The DISPLAY environment variable specifies the display server and screen where graphical applications should send their output.

• X Server Communication: It informs applications which X server they should connect to in order to display their graphical interface.

Typical Format

• Format: hostname:displaynumber.screennumber

  • hostname: Refers to the name of the machine running the X server. If omitted, it defaults to localhost (:0).

  • displaynumber: Refers to the number of the X display being used (usually 0 unless you have multiple displays).

  • screennumber: Refers to the number of the screen on the specified display. It's typically 0 and rarely used.

Examples

• Local Display: On a single-machine setup:

  DISPLAY=:0

  This sets the display to the default local display.

• Remote Display: Accessing a graphical application on another machine:

  DISPLAY=remotehostname:0.0

  Here, remotehostname is the hostname of the machine where the X server is running.

Usage in Practical Scenarios

• X11 Forwarding: When connecting to a remote server via SSH with X11 forwarding enabled, the DISPLAY variable is automatically set to point back to the local machine. This allows remote graphical applications to be displayed locally.

• Troubleshooting: If graphical applications fail to launch or display correctly, checking the DISPLAY variable is crucial. Ensure it is correctly set to the appropriate X server and display.

Setting DISPLAY Manually

• Setting Directly: You can manually set the DISPLAY variable in your shell session. For example:

  export DISPLAY=:0.0

  This exports DISPLAY for the current session, indicating to applications where to send their graphical output.

Summary

Understanding and correctly managing the DISPLAY environment variable is essential for working with graphical applications in Unix and Linux environments, whether locally or remotely. It determines the destination for graphical output and facilitates communication between applications and the X server