mtr (My Traceroute)
The mtr
command, also known as My Traceroute, is a network diagnostic tool that combines the functionality of traceroute
and ping
. It provides a dynamic, real-time view of the route packets take to reach a destination and measures the performance of each hop along the way. Here's a detailed explanation of how to use mtr
, its options, and what information it provides:
Basic Usage
To use mtr
, open a terminal and type:
mtr <hostname or IP address>
For example:
mtr google.com
This command starts mtr
in an interactive mode, displaying the network path to the specified host and providing real-time statistics about each hop.
Output Explanation
The default mtr
output consists of columns representing different metrics for each hop:
Host: The hostname or IP address of each hop.
Loss%: The percentage of packet loss at each hop.
Snt: The number of packets sent to each hop.
Last: The round-trip time (RTT) of the last packet sent.
Avg: The average RTT.
Best: The best (shortest) RTT.
Wrst: The worst (longest) RTT.
StDev: The standard deviation of the RTT.
Example output:
Start: Sun Jul 21 12:34:56 2024
HOST: myhostname Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev
1.|-- 192.168.1.1 0.0% 10 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.1
2.|-- 10.0.0.1 0.0% 10 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.3 0.2
3.|-- 172.16.0.1 0.0% 10 10.5 10.3 9.8 11.2 0.5
4.|-- google.com 0.0% 10 20.8 21.0 20.4 21.7 0.4
Additional Options
mtr
provides several options to customize its behavior and output. Some of the most commonly used options are:
-r: Generate a report in non-interactive mode.
-c : Specify the number of pings to send.
-w: Use wide output format (show both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses).
-b: Show both the hostnames and IP addresses of the hops.
-n: Do not resolve hostnames (show only IP addresses).
-i : Set the interval between packets (default is 1 second).
Example command using options:
mtr -r -c 10 -w google.com
This command generates a report (-r) with 10 pings (-c 10) and uses a wide output format (-w).
Use Cases
Network Troubleshooting: Identify where packet loss or high latency occurs in the network path to a destination.
Performance Monitoring: Monitor the performance of network links over time.
Network Planning: Assess the quality of different routes for network optimization.
Conclusion
mtr
is a powerful network diagnostic tool that provides real-time information about the path packets take to a destination and the performance of each hop. By understanding its output and options, administrators and users can effectively troubleshoot network issues, monitor performance, and optimize network routes.
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