Mail-related logs in /var/log/

Mail-related logs in /var/log/ provide important information for troubleshooting and monitoring mail server activities. Here’s an overview of the key log files and directories you may encounter, depending on the mail server software you use (e.g., Postfix, Sendmail, Exim):

Common Mail-Related Log Files in /var/log/

1. /var/log/mail.log

   • Purpose: Contains logs related to the mail server’s activities. This is commonly used by Postfix and other mail servers.

   • Information Included:

     • Mail delivery status

     • Incoming and outgoing mail

     • Error messages and warnings

   • Example Entries:

     Jul 21 12:34:56 hostname postfix/smtpd[12345]: connect from mail.example.com[192.168.1.1]
     Jul 21 12:34:57 hostname postfix/cleanup[12346]: message-id=<[e-mail]>
     Jul 21 12:34:57 hostname postfix/qmgr[12347]: 1234A56789: from=<[e-mail]>, size=1234, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
     Jul 21 12:34:58 hostname postfix/smtp[12348]: 1234A56789: to=<[e-mail]>, relay=example.com[192.168.1.2]:25, delay=2.1, delays=0.1/0.1/1.5/0.4, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 OK)

2. /var/log/mail.err

   • Purpose: Logs error messages related to mail services.

   • Information Included:

     • Critical errors encountered by the mail server

     • Failed mail delivery attempts

   • Example Entries:

     Jul 21 12:34:56 hostname postfix/smtp[12348]: connect to example.com[192.168.1.2]:25: Connection timed out
     Jul 21 12:34:57 hostname postfix/cleanup[12346]: error: open database /var/spool/postfix/etc/hosts: No such file or directory

3. /var/log/mail.info

   • Purpose: Contains informational messages related to mail services.

   • Information Included:

     • Details of mail transactions

     • Non-critical informational messages

   • Example Entries:

     Jul 21 12:34:56 hostname postfix/qmgr[12347]: 1234A56789: removed
     Jul 21 12:34:58 hostname postfix/anvil[12349]: statistics: max connection rate 1/60s for (smtp:192.168.1.1) at Jul 21 12:34:56

4. /var/log/mail.warn

   • Purpose: Logs warning messages related to mail services.

   • Information Included:

     • Warnings about potential issues

   • Example Entries:

     Jul 21 12:34:56 hostname postfix/smtp[12348]: warning: 192.168.1.2 not owned by domain example.com
     Jul 21 12:34:57 hostname postfix/smtp[12348]: warning: hostname for IP address 192.168.1.2 does not match

5. /var/log/maillog (alternative location)

   • Purpose: Some systems use /var/log/maillog as the main mail log file.

   • Information Included:

     • Similar to /var/log/mail.log

   • Example Entries:

     Jul 21 12:34:56 hostname sendmail[12345]: starting daemon (8.15.2): SMTP
     Jul 21 12:34:57 hostname sendmail[12346]: [ID] [Client] [Queue ID] [Recipient] [Status]

Mail Log Analysis and Commands

1. Viewing Logs

   • Use commands like cat, less, or tail to view log contents.

     tail -f /var/log/mail.log

2. Searching Logs

   • Use grep to find specific entries.

     grep "error" /var/log/mail.log

3. Log Rotation

   • Logs are often rotated to manage disk space. Check /etc/logrotate.d/ for configuration related to mail logs.

4. Monitoring

   • Use tools like logwatch or swatch for real-time log monitoring and reporting.

Conclusion

Mail-related logs in /var/log/ are crucial for monitoring and troubleshooting mail server activities. Understanding where these logs are stored and how to interpret their contents will help you maintain the health and performance of your mail server. Regularly check and analyze these logs to catch issues early and ensure smooth mail operations.