LPIC-1 Exam 101 (101-500) Exam
1- Which SysV init configuration file should be modified to disable the ctrl-alt-delete key combination?
A. /etc/keys
B. /proc/keys
C. /etc/inittab
D. /proc/inittab
E. /etc/reboot
2- Which of the following information is stored within the BIOS? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
A. Boot device order
B. Linux kernel version
C. Timezone
D. Hardware configuration - E. The system's hostname
3- Which of the following commands reboots the system when using SysV init? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
A. shutdown -r now
B. shutdown -r "rebooting"
C. telinit 6
D. telinit 0
E. shutdown -k now "rebooting"
4- Which of the following are init systems used within Linux systems? (Choose THREE correct answers.)
A. startd
B. systemd
C. Upstart
D. SysInit
E. SysV init
5- SIMULATION
Which file in the /proc filesystem lists parameters passed from the bootloader to the kernel? (Specify the file name only without any path.)
6- What information can the lspci command display about the system hardware? (Choose THREE correct answers.)
A. Device IRQ settings
B. PCI bus speed
C. System battery type
D. Device vendor identification - E. Ethernet MAC address
7- Which of the following commands brings a system running SysV init into a state in which it is safe to perform maintenance tasks? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
A. shutdown -R 1 now
B. shutdown -single now
C. init 1
D. telinit 1
E. runlevel 1
8- What is the first program that is usually started, at boot time, by the Linux kernel when using SysV init?
A. /lib/init.so
B. /sbin/init
C. /etc/r- C.d/rcinit
D. /proc/sys/kernel/init
E. /boot/init
9- SIMULATION
Which command will display messages from the kernel that were output during the normal boot sequence?
ANSWERS:
1 Correct Answer: C
2 Correct Answer: AD
3 Correct Answer: AC
4 Correct Answer: BCE Section: System Architecture Explanation
5 Correct Answer: cmdline -or- /proc/cmdline
6 Correct Answer: ABD Section: System Architecture Explanation
7 Correct Answer: CD
8 Correct Answer: B
9 Correct Answer: dmesg -or- /bin/dmesg Section: System Architecture Explanation
10- Which of the following commands will write a message to the terminals of all logged in users?
A. bcast
B. mesg
C. print
D. wall
E. yell
11- Which of the following kernel parameters instructs the kernel to suppress most boot messages?
A. silent
B. verbose=0
C. nomesg
D. quiet
12- Which of the following options for the kernel's command line changes the systemd boot target to rescu- E.target instead of the default target?
A. system- D.target=rescu- E.target
B. system- D.runlevel=rescu- E.target
C. system- D.service=rescu- E.target
D. system- D.default=rescu- E.target
E. system- D.unit=rescu- E.target
13- After modifying GNU GRUB's configuration file, which command must be run for the changes to take effect?
A. kill -HUP $(pidof grub)
B. grub-install
C. grub
D. No action is required
14- Which of the following commands is used to update the list of available packages when using dpkg based package management?
A. apt-get update
B. apt-get upgrade
C. apt-cache update
D. apt-get refresh
E. apt-cache upgrade
15- Which of the following commands can be used to download the RPM package kernel without installing it?
A. yum download --no-install kernel
B. yumdownloader kernel
C. rpm --download --package kernel
D. rpmdownload kernel
16- When using rpm --verify to check files created during the installation of RPM packages, which of the following information is taken into consideration? (Choose THREE correct answers.)
A. Timestamps
B. MD5 checksums
C. Inodes
D. File sizes
E. GnuPG signatures
17- Which of the following is correct when talking about mount points?
A. Every existing directory can be used as a mount point.
B. Only empty directories can be used as a mount point.
C. Directories need to have the SetUID flag set to be used as a mount point.
D. Files within a directory are deleted when the directory is used as a mount point.
18- Which function key is used to start Safe Mode in Windows NT?
A. F10
B. F8
C. F6
D. Windows NT does not support Safe Mode
19- Which of the following environment variables overrides or extends the list of directories holding shared libraries?
A. LD_LOAD_PATH
B. LD_LIB_PATH
C. LD_LIBRARY_PATH
D. LD_SHARE_PATH
E. LD_RUN_PATH
ANSWERS:
10 Correct Answer: D
11 Correct Answer: D
12 Correct Answer: E
13 Correct Answer: D
14 Correct Answer: A
15 Correct Answer: B
16 Correct Answer: ABD
17 Correct Answer: A
18 Correct Answer: D
19 Correct Answer: C
20- SIMULATION
Which world-writable directory should be placed on a separate partition in order to prevent users from being able to fill up the / filesystem? (Specify the full path to the directory.)
21- Which RPM command will output the name of the package which supplied the file /etc/exports?
A. rpm -F /etc/exports
B. rpm -qf /etc/exports
C. rpm -Kl /etc/exports
D. rpm -qp /etc/exports
E. rpm -qi /etc/exports
22- SIMULATION
In which directory must definition files be placed to add additional repositories to yum?
23- SIMULATION
What is the name of the main configuration file for GNU GRUB? (Specify the file name only without any path.)
24- When removing a package, which of the following dpkg options will completely remove the files including configuration files?
A. --clean
B. --delete
C. --purge
D. remove
25- Which file should be edited to select the network locations from which Debian installation package files are loaded?
A. /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg
B. /etc/apt/apt.conf
C. /etc/apt/apt.conf.d
D. /etc/apt/sources.list
E. /etc/dpkg/dselect.cfg
26- SIMULATION
Which option to the yum command will update the entire system? (Specify ONLY the option name without any additional parameters.)
27- SIMULATION
Which command will disable swapping on a device? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)
28- SIMULATION
Which Debian package management tool asks the configuration ##s for a specific already installed package just as if the package were being installed for the first time? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)
29- Which of the following commands overwrites the bootloader located on /dev/sda without overwriting the partition table or any data following it?
A. dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=512
B. dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=512 count=1
C. dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=440 count=1
D. dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=440
ANSWERS:
20 Correct Answer: /tmp -or- tmp -or- /var/tmp -or- /tmp/ -or- /var/tmp/ Section: Linux Installation and Package Management Explanatio
21 Correct Answer: B
22 Correct Answer: /etc/yum.repos.d -or- /etc/yum.repos.d/ -or- yum.repos.d -or- yum.repos.d/
23 Correct Answer: menu.lst -or- gru- B.conf -or- gru- B.cfg Section: Linux Installation and Package Management Explanatio
24 Correct Answer: C
25 Correct Answer: D
26 Correct Answer: update -or- upgrade
27 Correct Answer: swapoff -or- /sbin/swapoff
28 Correct Answer: dpkg-reconfigure
29 Correct Answer: C
30- Which of the following commands can be used to create a USB storage media from a disk image?
A. gdisk
B. dd
C. cc
D. fdisk
E. mount
31- In Bash, inserting 1>&2 after a command redirects
A. standard error to standard input.
B. standard input to standard error.
C. standard output to standard error.
D. standard error to standard output.
E. standard output to standard input.
32- What command will generate a list of user names from /etc/passwd along with their login shell?
A. column -s : 1,7 /etc/passwd
B. chop -c 1,7 /etc/passwd
C. colrm 1,7 /etc/passwd
D. cut -d: -f1,7 /etc/passwd
33- In a nested directory structure, which find command line option would be used to restrict the command to searching down a particular number of subdirectories?
A. -dirmax
B. -maxdepth
C. -maxlevels
D. -n
E. -s
34- Which of the following statements is correct regarding the command foo 1> bar?
A. The stdout from the command foo is appended to the file bar.
B. The stdout from the command foo overwrites the file bar.
C. The command foo receives its stdin from the file bar.
D. The command foo receives its stdin from the stdout of the command bar.
E. The stderr from the command foo is saved to the file bar.
35- Which of the following commands kills the process with the PID 123 but allows the process to "clean up" before exiting?
A. kill -PIPE 123
B. kill -KILL 123
C. kill -STOP 123
D. kill -TERM 123
36- SIMULATION
Which signal is missing from the following command that is commonly used to instruct a daemon to reinitialize itself, including reading configuration files?
37- What is the maximum niceness value that a regular user can assign to a process with the nice command when executing a new process?
A. 9
B. 19
C. 49
D. 99
38- Immediately after deleting 3 lines of text in vi and moving the cursor to a different line, which single character command will insert the deleted content below the current line?
A. i (lowercase)
B. P (uppercase)
C. p (lowercase)
D. U (uppercase)
E. u (lowercase)
39- A user accidentally created the subdirectory \dir in his home directory. Which of the following commands will remove that directory?
A. rmdir '~/\dir'
B. rmdir "~/\dir"
C. rmdir ~/'dir'
D. rmdir ~/\dir
E. rmdir ~/\dir
ANSWERS:
30 Correct Answer: B
31 Correct Answer: C
32 Correct Answer: D
33 Correct Answer: B
34 Correct Answer: B
35 Correct Answer: D
36 Correct Answer: HUP -or- SIGHUP -or- 1 Section: GNU and Unix Commands Explanation
37 Correct Answer: B
38 Correct Answer: C
39 Correct Answer: E
40- In compliance with the FHS, in which of the directories are man pages found?
A. /usr/share/man
B. /opt/man
C. /usr/doc/
D. /var/pkg/man
E. /var/man
41- Which of the following commands will send output from the program myapp to both standard output (stdout) and the file file1.log?
A. cat < myapp | cat > file1.log
B. myapp 0>&1 | cat > file1.log
C. myapp | cat > file1.log
D. myapp | tee file1.log
E. tee myapp file1.log
42- What is the purpose of the Bash built-in export command?
A. It allows disks to be mounted remotely.
B. It runs a command as a process in a subshell.
C. It makes the command history available to subshells.
D. It sets up environment variables for applications.
E. It shares NFS partitions for use by other systems on the network.
43- What is the output of the following command? echo "Hello World" | tr -d aieou
A. Hello World
B. eoo
C. Hll Wrld
D. eoo Hll Wrld
44- Which of the following characters can be combined with a separator string in order to read from the current input source until the separator string, which is on a separate line and without any trailing spaces, is reached?
A. <<
B. <|
C. !<
D. &<
45- Which of the following commands will NOT update the modify timestamp on the file /tmp/myfil- E.txt?
A. file /tmp/myfil- E.txt
B. echo "Hello" >/tmp/myfil- E.txt
C. sed -ie "s/1/2/" /tmp/myfil- E.txt
D. echo -n "Hello" >>/tmp/myfil- E.txt
E. touch /tmp/myfil- E.txt
46- What is the default nice level when a process is started using the nice command?
A. -10
B. 10
C. 20
D. 0
47- What is the default action of the split command on an input file?
A. It will break the file into new files of 1,024 byte pieces each.
B. It will break the file into new files of 1,000 line pieces each.
C. It will break the file into new files of 1,024 kilobyte pieces each.
D. It will break the file into new files that are no more than 5% of the size of the original fil- E.
48- What is the difference between the i and a commands of the vi editor?
A. i (interactive) requires the user to explicitly switch between vi modes whereas a (automatic) switches modes automatically.
B. i (insert) inserts text before the current cursor position whereas a (append) inserts text after the cursor.
C. i (independent rows) starts every new line at the first character whereas a (aligned rows) keeps the indentation of the previous lin- E.
D. i (interrupt) temporarily suspends editing of a file to the background whereas a (abort) terminates editing.
49- SIMULATION
Which command displays a list of all background tasks running in the current shell? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)
ANSWERS:
40 Correct Answer: A
41 Correct Answer: D
42 Correct Answer: D
43 Correct Answer: C
44 Correct Answer: A
45 Correct Answer: A
46 Correct Answer: B
47 Correct Answer: B
48 Correct Answer: B
49 Correct Answer: jobs
50- Which of the following commands moves and resumes in the background the last stopped shell job?
A. run
B. bg
C. fg
D. back
51- What is the effect of the egrep command when the -v option is used?
A. It enables color to highlight matching parts.
B. It only outputs non-matching lines.
C. It shows the command's version information.
D. It changes the output order showing the last matching line first.
52- What does the ? symbol within regular expressions represent?
A. Match the preceding qualifier one or more times.
B. Match the preceding qualifier zero or more times.
C. Match the preceding qualifier zero or one times.
D. Match a literal ? character.
53- In the vi editor, how can commands such as moving the cursor or copying lines into the buffer be issued multiple times or applied to multiple rows?
A. By using the command :repeat followed by the number and the comman- D.
B. By specifying the number right in front of a command such as 4l or 2yj.
C. By selecting all affected lines using the shift and cursor keys before applying the comman- D.
D. By issuing a command such as :set repetition=4 which repeats every subsequent command 4 times.
54- Which of the following files, located in the user home directory, is used to store the Bash history?
A. .bash_history
B. .bash_histfile
C. .history
D. .bashrc_history
E. .history_bash
55- SIMULATION
Which Bash environment variable defines in which file the user history is stored when exiting a Bash process? (Specify ONLY the variable nam- E.)
56- Which of the following commands displays the contents of a gzip compressed tar archive?
A. gzip archiv- E.tgz | tar xvf -
B. tar ztf archiv- E.tgz
C. gzip -d archiv- E.tgz | tar tvf -
D. tar cf archiv- E.tgz
57- Which grep command will print only the lines that do not end with a / in the file foo?
A. grep '/$' foo
B. grep '/#' foo
C. grep -v '/$' foo
D. grep -v '/#' foo
58- Which of the following commands is used to change options and positional parameters for a running Bash?
A. history
B. set
C. bashconf
D. setsh
E. envsetup
59- Which of the following commands replaces each occurrence of 'bob' in the file letter with 'Bob' and writes the result to the file newletter?
A. sed '/bob/Bob' letter > newletter
B. sed s/bob/Bob/ letter < newletter
C. sed 's/bob/Bob' letter > newletter
D. sed 's/bob/Bob/g' letter > newletter
E. sed 's/bob, Bob/' letter > newletter
ANSWERS:
50 Correct Answer: B
51 Correct Answer: B
52 Correct Answer: C
53 Correct Answer: B
54 Correct Answer: A
55 Correct Answer: HISTFILE
56 Correct Answer: B
57 Correct Answer: C
58 Correct Answer: B
59 Correct Answer: D
60- From a Bash shell, which of the following commands directly executes the instruction from the file /usr/local/bin/runm- E.sh without starting a subshell? (Please select TWO answers.)
A. source /usr/local/bin/runm- E.sh
B. . /usr/local/bin/runm- E.sh
C. /bin/bash /usr/local/bin/runm- E.sh
D. /usr/local/bin/runm- E.sh
E. run /usr/local/bin/runm- E.sh
61- Regarding the command:
nice -5 /usr/bin/prog Which of the following statements is correct?
A. /usr/bin/prog is executed with a nice level of -5.
B. /usr/bin/prog is executed with a nice level of 5.
C. /usr/bin/prog is executed with a priority of -5.
D. /usr/bin/prog is executed with a priority of 5.
62- Which shell command is used to continue background execution of a suspended command?
A. &
B. bg
C. cont
D. exec
E. :&
63- Which of the following shell redirections will write standard output and standard error output to a file named filename?
A. 2>&1 >filename
B. >filename 2>&1
C. 1>&2>filename
D. >>filename
E. 1&2>filename
64- In the vi editor, which of the following commands will copy the current line into the vi buffer?
A. c
B. cc
C. 1c
D. yy
E. 1y
65- Which of the following sequences in the vi editor saves the opened document and exits the editor? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
A. esc ZZ
B. ctrl :w!
C. esc zz
D. esc :wq!
E. ctrl XX
66- When starting a program with the nice command without any additional parameters, which nice level is set for the resulting process?
A. -10
B. 0
C. 10
D. 20
67- Which of the following commands will reduce all consecutive spaces down to a single space?
A. tr '\s' ' ' < - A.txt > - B.txt
B. tr -c ' ' < - A.txt > - B.txt
C. tr -d ' ' < - A.txt > - B.txt
D. tr -r ' ' '\n' < - A.txt > - B.txt
E. tr -s ' ' < - A.txt > - B.txt
68- Which character, added to the end of a command, runs that command in the background as a child process of the current shell?
A. !
B. +
C. &
D. %
E. #
69- Which of the following commands will print the last 10 lines of a text file to the standard output?
A. cat -n 10 filename
B. dump -n 10 filename
C. head -n 10 filename
D. tail -n 10 filename
ANSWERS:
60 Correct Answer: AB
61 Correct Answer: B
62 Correct Answer: B
63 Correct Answer: B
64 Correct Answer: D
65 Correct Answer: AD
66 Correct Answer: C
67 Correct Answer: E
68 Correct Answer: C
69 Correct Answer: D
70- Which of the following commands prints a list of usernames (first column) and their primary group (fourth column) from the /etc/passwd file?
A. fmt -f 1,4 /etc/passwd
B. split -c 1,4 /etc/passwd
C. cut -d : -f 1,4 /etc/passwd
D. paste -f 1,4 /etc/passwd
71- Which of the following signals is sent to a process when the key combination CTRL+C is pressed on the keyboard?
A. SIGTERM
B. SIGINT
C. SIGSTOP
D. SIGKILL
72- What happens after issuing the command vi without any additional parameters?
A. vi starts and loads the last file used and moves the cursor to the position where vi was when it last exite- D. - B. vi starts and requires the user to explicitly either create a new or load an existing fil- E.
C. vi exits with an error message as it cannot be invoked without a file name to operate on.
D. vi starts in command mode and opens a new empty fil- E.
E. vi starts and opens a new file which is filled with the content of the vi buffer if the buffer contains text.
73- Which of the following command sets the Bash variable named TEST with the content FOO?
A. set TEST="FOO"
B. TEST = "FOO"
C. var TEST="FOO"
D. TEST="FOO"
74- Which variable defines the directories in which a Bash shell searches for executable commands?
A. BASHEXEC
B. BASHRC
C. PATH
D. EXECPATH
E. PATHRC
75- Which of the following commands determines the type of a file by using a definition database file which contains information about all common file types?
A. magic
B. type
C. file
D. pmagic
E. hash
76- SIMULATION
Which command is used in a Linux environment to create a new directory? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)
77- Which of the following commands prints all files and directories within the /tmp directory or its subdirectories which are also owned by the user root? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
A. find /tmp -uid root -print
B. find -path /tmp -uid root
C. find /tmp -user root -print
D. find /tmp -user root
E. find -path /tmp -user root print
78- When running the command
sed -e "s/a/b/" /tmp/file >/tmp/file While /tmp/file contains data, why is /tmp/file empty afterwards?
A. The file order is incorrect. The destination file must be mentioned before the command to ensure redirection.
B. The command sed did not match anything in that file therefore the output is empty.
C. When the shell establishes the redirection it overwrites the target file before the redirected command starts and opens it for reading.
D. Redirection for shell commands do not work using the > character. It only works using the | character instea- D.
79- When given the following command lin- E. echo "foo bar" | tee bar | cat
Which of the following output is created?
A. cat
B. foo bar
C. tee bar
D. bar
E. foo
ANSWERS:
70 Correct Answer: C
71 Correct Answer: B
72 Correct Answer: D
73 Correct Answer: D
74 Correct Answer: C
75 Correct Answer: C
76 Correct Answer: mkdir -or- /usr/bin/mkdir Section: GNU and Unix Commands Explanation
77 Correct Answer: CD
78 Correct Answer: C
79 Correct Answer: B
80- Which of the following commands can be used to determine how long the system has been running? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
A. uptime
B. up
C. top
D. uname -u
E. time up
81- Which of the following are valid stream redirection operators within Bash? (Choose THREE correct answers.)
A. <
B. <<<
C. >
D. >>>
E. %>
82- After successfully creating a hard link called bar to the ordinary file foo, foo is deleted from the filesystem. Which of the following describes the resulting situation?
A. foo and bar would both be remove- D.
B. foo would be removed while bar would remain accessibl- E.
C. foo would be remove- D. bar would still exist but would be unusabl- E.
D. Both foo and bar would remain accessibl- E.
E. The user is prompted whether bar should be removed, too.
83- After moving data to a new filesystem, how can the former path of the data be kept intact in order to avoid reconfiguration of existing applications? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
A. By creating an ACL redirection from the old to the new path of the dat- A.
B. By creating a hard link from the old to the new path of the dat- A.
C. By creating a symbolic link from the old to the new path of the dat- A.
D. By running the command touch on the old path.
E. By mounting the new filesystem on the original path of the dat- A.
84- Which of the following commands changes the ownership of fil- E.txt to the user dan and the group staff?
A. chown dan/staff fil- E.txt
B. chown dan:staff fil- E.txt
C. chown -u dan -g staff fil- E.txt
D. chown dan -g staff fil- E.txt
85- Which of the following commands makes /bin/foo executable by everyone but writable only by its owner?
A. chmod u=rwx,go=rx /bin/foo
B. chmod o+rwx,a+rx /bin/foo
C. chmod 577 /bin/foo
D. chmod 775 /bin/foo
86- Which of the following commands can be used to search for the executable file foo when it has been placed in a directory not included in $PATH?
A. apropos
B. which
C. find
D. query
E. whereis
87- What does the command mount -a do?
A. It ensures that all file systems listed with the option noauto in /etc/fstab are mounte- D.
B. It shows all mounted file systems that have been automatically mounte- D.
C. It opens an editor with root privileges and loads /etc/fstab for editing.
D. It ensures that all file systems listed with the option auto in /etc/fstab are mounte- D.
E. It ensures that all file systems listed in /etc/fstab are mounted regardless of their options.
88- Which of the following settings for umask ensures that new files have the default permissions -rw-r----- ?
A. 0017
B. 0640
C. 0038
D. 0027
89- Which of the following is the device file name for the second partition on the only SCSI drive?
A. /dev/hda1
B. /dev/sda2
C. /dev/sd0a2
D. /dev/sd1p2
90- In order to display all currently mounted filesystems, which of the following commands could be used? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
A. cat /proc/self/mounts
B. free
C. mount
D. lsmounts
E. cat /proc/filesystems
ANSWERS:
80 Correct Answer: AC
81 Correct Answer: ABC
82 Correct Answer: B
83 Correct Answer: CE
84 Correct Answer: B
85 Correct Answer: A
86 Correct Answer: C
87 Correct Answer: D
88 Correct Answer: D
89 Correct Answer: B
91- Which of the following commands can be used to locate programs and their corresponding man pages and configuration files?
A. dirname
B. which
C. basename
D. query
E. whereis
92- Which of the following commands changes the number of days before the ext3 filesystem on /dev/sda1 has to run through a full filesystem check while booting?
A. tune2fs -d 200 /dev/sda1
B. tune2fs -c 200 /dev/sda1
C. tune2fs -i 200 /dev/sda1
D. tune2fs -n 200 /dev/sda1
E. tune2fs --days 200 /dev/sda1
93- Which type of filesystem is created by mkfs when it is executed with the block device name only and without any additional parameters?
A. ext2
B. ext3
C. ext4
D. XFS
E. VFAT
94- How many fields are in a syntactically correct line of /etc/fstab?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
E. 7
95- SIMULATION
Which command is used to create and initialize the files used to store quota information? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)
96- Which of the following file permissions belong to a symbolic link?
A. -rwxrwxrwx
B. +rwxrwxrwx
C. lrwxrwxrwx
D. srwxrwxrwx
97- Creating a hard link to an ordinary file returns an error. What could be the reason for this?
A. The source file is hidden.
B. The source file is read-only.
C. The source file is a shell script.
D. The source file is already a hard link.
E. The source and the target are on different filesystems.
98- Which of the following commands creates an ext3 filesystem on /dev/sdb1? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
A. /sbin/mke2fs -j /dev/sdb1
B. /sbin/mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
C. /sbin/mkfs -c ext3 /dev/sdb1
D. /sbin/mke3fs -j /dev/sdb1
99- Which of the following commands will change the quota for a specific user?
A. edquota
B. repquota
C. quota -e
D. quota
100- Which utility would be used to change how often a filesystem check is performed on an ext2 filesystem without losing any data stored on that filesystem?
A. mod2fs
B. fsck
C. tune2fs
D. mke2fs
E. fixe2fs
101- Which of the following Linux filesystems preallocates a fixed number of inodes at the filesystem's make/creation time and does NOT generate them as needed? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
A. ext3
B. JFS
C. ext2
D. XFS
E. procfs
102- What is the purpose of the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard?
A. It is a security model used to ensure files are organized according to their permissions and accessibility.
B. It provides unified tools to create, maintain and manage multiple filesystems in a common way.
C. It defines a common internal structure of inodes for all compliant filesystems.
D. It is a distribution neutral description of locations of files and directories.
ANSWERS:
90 Correct Answer: AC
91 Correct Answer: E
92 Correct Answer: C
93 Correct Answer: A
94 Correct Answer: D
95 Correct Answer: quotacheck
96 Correct Answer: C
97 Correct Answer: E
98 Correct Answer: AB
99 Correct Answer: A
100 Correct Answer: C
101 Correct Answer: AC
102 Correct Answer: D
Exam A
1- Which of the following information is stored within the BIOS? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
A. Boot device order
B. Linux kernel version
C. Timezone
D. Hardware configuration
E. The system's hostname
2- Which of the following commands reboots the system when using SysV init? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
A. shutdown -r now
B. shutdown -r "rebooting"
C. telinit 6
D. telinit 0
E. shutdown -k now "rebooting"
3- Which of the following are init systems used within Linux systems? (Choose THREE correct answers.)
A. startd
B. systemd
C. Upstart
D. SysInit
E. SysV init
4- SIMULATION
Which file in the /proc filesystem lists parameters passed from the bootloader to the kernel? (Specify the file name only without any path.)
5- What information can the lspci command display about the system hardware? (Choose THREE correct answers.)
A. Device IRQ settings
B. PCI bus speed
C. System battery type
D. Device vendor identification
E. Ethernet MAC address
6- Which of the following commands brings a system running SysV init into a state in which it is safe to perform maintenance tasks? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
A. shutdown -R 1 now
B. shutdown -single now
C. init 1
D. telinit 1
E. runlevel 1
7- What is the first program that is usually started, at boot time, by the Linux kernel when using SysV init?
A. /lib/init.so
B. /sbin/init
C. /etc/r- C.d/rcinit
D. /proc/sys/kernel/init
E. /boot/init
8- SIMULATION
Which command will display messages from the kernel that were output during the normal boot sequence?
9- Which of the following commands will write a message to the terminals of all logged in users?
A. bcast
B. mesg
C. print
D. wall
E. yell
10- Which of the following kernel parameters instructs the kernel to suppress most boot messages?
A. silent
B. verbose=0
C. nomesg
D. quiet
ANSWERS:
1 Correct Answer: AD
2 Correct Answer: AC
3 Correct Answer: BCE Section: System Architecture Explanation
4 Correct Answer: cmdline, /proc/cmdline Section: System Architecture Explanation
5 Correct Answer: ABD Section: System Architecture Explanation
6 Correct Answer: CD
7 Correct Answer: B
8 Correct Answer: dmesg, /bin/dmesg Section: System Architecture Explanation
9 Correct Answer: D
10 Correct Answer: D
11- Which of the following options for the kernel's command line changes the systemd boot target to rescu- E.target instead of the default target?
A. system- D.target=rescu- E.target
B. system- D.runlevel=rescu- E.target
C. system- D.service=rescu- E.target
D. system- D.default=rescu- E.target
E. system- D.unit=rescu- E.target
12- After modifying GNU GRUB's configuration file, which command must be run for the changes to take effect?
A. kill -HUP $(pidof grub)
B. grub-install
C. grub
D. No action is required
13- Which of the following commands is used to update the list of available packages when using dpkg based package management?
A. apt-get update
B. apt-get upgrade
C. apt-cache update
D. apt-get refresh
E. apt-cache upgrade
14- Which of the following commands lists the dependencies of a given dpkg package?
A. apt-cache depends-on package
B. apt-cache dependencies package
C. apt-cache depends package
D. apt-cache requires package
15- Which of the following options is used in a GRUB Legacy configuration file to define the amount of time that the GRUB menu will be shown to the user?
A. hidemenu
B. splash
C. timeout
D. showmenu
16- What can the Logical Volume Manager (LVM) be used for? (Choose THREE correct answers.)
A. To create RAID 9 arrays.
B. To dynamically change the size of logical volumes.
C. To encrypt logical volumes.
D. To create snapshots.
E. To dynamically create or delete logical volumes.
17- Which of the following commands updates the linker cache of shared libraries?
A. mkcache
B. soconfig
C. mkldconfig
D. lddconfig
E. ldconfig
18- Which of the following commands lists all currently installed packages when using RPM package management?
A. yum --query --all
B. yum --list --installed
C. rpm --query --all
D. rpm --list installed
19- Which of the following commands can be used to download the RPM package kernel without installing it?
A. yum download --no-install kernel
B. yumdownloader kernel
C. rpm --download --package kernel
D. rpmdownload kernel
20- When using rpm --verify to check files created during the installation of RPM packages, which of the following information is taken into consideration? (Choose THREE correct answers.)
A. Timestamps
B. MD5 checksums
C. Inodes
D. File sizes
E. GnuPG signatures
ANSWERS:
11 Correct Answer: E
12 Correct Answer: D
13 Correct Answer: A
14 Correct Answer: C
15 Correct Answer: C
16 Correct Answer: BDE
17 Correct Answer: E
18 Correct Answer: C
19 Correct Answer: B
20 Correct Answer: ABD
21- Which RPM command will output the name of the package which supplied the file /etc/exports?
A. rpm -F /etc/exports
B. rpm -qf /etc/exports
C. rpm -Kl /etc/exports
D. rpm -qp /etc/exports
E. rpm -qi /etc/exports
22- SIMULATION
In which directory must definition files be placed to add additional repositories to yum?
23- SIMULATION
What is the name of the main configuration file for GNU GRUB? (Specify the file name only without any path.)
24- When removing a package, which of the following dpkg options will completely remove the files including configuration files?
A. --clean
B. --delete
C. --purge
D. remove
25- Which file should be edited to select the network locations from which Debian installation package files are loaded?
A. /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg
B. /etc/apt/apt.conf
C. /etc/apt/apt.conf.d
D. /etc/apt/sources.list
E. /etc/dpkg/dselect.cfg
26- SIMULATION
Which option to the yum command will update the entire system? (Specify ONLY the option name without any additional parameters.)
27- SIMULATION
Which command will disable swapping on a device? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)
28- SIMULATION
Which Debian package management tool asks the configuration ##s for a specific already installed package just as if the package were being installed for the first time? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)
29- Which of the following commands overwrites the bootloader located on /dev/sda without overwriting the partition table or any data following it?
A. dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=512
B. dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=512 count=1
C. dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=440 count=1
D. dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=440
30- Which of the following commands can be used to create a USB storage media from a disk image?
A. gdisk
B. dd
C. cc
D. fdisk
E. mount
ANSWERS:
21 Correct Answer: B
22 Correct Answer: /etc/yum.repos.d, /etc/yum.repos.d/, yum.repos.d, yum.repos.d/
23 Correct Answer: menu.lst, gru- B.conf, gru- B.cfg
24 Correct Answer: C
25 Correct Answer: D
26 Correct Answer: update, upgrade
27 Correct Answer: swapoff, /sbin/swapoff
28 Correct Answer: dpkg-reconfigure
29 Correct Answer: C
30 Correct Answer: B
31- In Bash, inserting 1>&2 after a command redirects
A. standard error to standard input.
B. standard input to standard error.
C. standard output to standard error.
D. standard error to standard output.
E. standard output to standard input.
32- What command will generate a list of user names from /etc/passwd along with their login shell?
A. column -s : 1,7 /etc/passwd
B. chop -c 1,7 /etc/passwd
C. colrm 1,7 /etc/passwd
D. cut -d: -f1,7 /etc/passwd
33- In a nested directory structure, which find command line option would be used to restrict the command to searching down a particular number of subdirectories?
A. -dirmax
B. -maxdepth
C. -maxlevels
D. -n
E. -s
34- Which of the following statements is correct regarding the command foo 1> bar?
A. The stdout from the command foo is appended to the file bar.
B. The stdout from the command foo overwrites the file bar.
C. The command foo receives its stdin from the file bar.
D. The command foo receives its stdin from the stdout of the command bar.
E. The stderr from the command foo is saved to the file bar.
35- Which of the following commands kills the process with the PID 123 but allows the process to "clean up" before exiting?
A. kill -PIPE 123
B. kill -KILL 123
C. kill -STOP 123
D. kill -TERM 123
36- SIMULATION
Which signal is missing from the following command that is commonly used to instruct a daemon to reinitialize itself, including reading configuration files?
killall -s daemon
37- What is the maximum niceness value that a regular user can assign to a process with the nice command when executing a new process?
A. 9
B. 19
C. 49
D. 99
38- Immediately after deleting 3 lines of text in vi and moving the cursor to a different line, which single character command will insert the deleted content below the current line?
A. i (lowercase)
B. P (uppercase)
C. p (lowercase)
D. U (uppercase)
E. u (lowercase)
39- A user accidentally created the subdirectory \dir in his home directory. Which of the following commands will remove that directory?
A. rmdir '~/\dir'
B. rmdir "~/\dir"
C. rmdir ~/'dir'
D. rmdir ~/\dir
E. rmdir ~/\dir
40- In compliance with the FHS, in which of the directories are man pages found?
A. /usr/share/man
B. /opt/man
C. /usr/doc/
D. /var/pkg/man
E. /var/man
ANSWERS:
31 Correct Answer: C
32 Correct Answer: D
33 Correct Answer: B
34 Correct Answer: B
35 Correct Answer: D
36 Correct Answer: HUP, SIGHUP, 1 Section: GNU and Unix Commands Explanation
37 Correct Answer: B
38 Correct Answer: C
39 Correct Answer: E
40 Correct Answer: A
41- Which of the following commands will send output from the program myapp to both standard output (stdout) and the file file1.log?
A. cat < myapp | cat > file1.log
B. myapp 0>&1 | cat > file1.log
C. myapp | cat > file1.log
D. myapp | tee file1.log
E. tee myapp file1.log
42- What is the purpose of the Bash built-in export command?
A. It allows disks to be mounted remotely.
B. It runs a command as a process in a subshell.
C. It makes the command history available to subshells.
D. It sets up environment variables for applications.
E. It shares NFS partitions for use by other systems on the network.
43- What is the output of the following command? echo "Hello World" | tr -d aieou
A. Hello World
B. eoo
C. Hll Wrld
D. eoo Hll Wrld
44- Which of the following characters can be combined with a separator string in order to read from the current input source until the separator string, which is on a separate line and without any trailing spaces, is reached?
A. <<
B. <|
C. !<
D. &<
45- In the vi editor, how can commands such as moving the cursor or copying lines into the buffer be issued multiple times or applied to multiple rows?
A. By using the command :repeat followed by the number and the comman- D.
B. By specifying the number right in front of a command such as 4l or 2yj.
C. By selecting all affected lines using the shift and cursor keys before applying the comman- D.
D. By issuing a command such as :set repetition=4 which repeats every subsequent command 4 times.
46- Which of the following files, located in the user home directory, is used to store the Bash history?
A. .bash_history
B. .bash_histfile
C. .history
D. .bashrc_history
E. .history_bash
47- SIMULATION
Which Bash environment variable defines in which file the user history is stored when exiting a Bash process? (Specify ONLY the variable nam- E.)
48- Which of the following commands displays the contents of a gzip compressed tar archive?
A. gzip archiv- E.tgz | tar xvf -
B. tar ztf archiv- E.tgz
C. gzip -d archiv- E.tgz | tar tvf -
D. tar cf archiv- E.tgz
49- Which grep command will print only the lines that do not end with a / in the file foo?
A. grep '/$' foo
B. grep '/#' foo
C. grep -v '/$' foo
D. grep -v '/#' foo
ANSWERS:
41 Correct Answer: D
42 Correct Answer: D
43 Correct Answer: C
44 Correct Answer: A
45 Correct Answer: B
46 Correct Answer: A
47 Correct Answer: HISTFILE
48 Correct Answer: B
49 Correct Answer: C
50- Which of the following commands is used to change options and positional parameters for a running Bash?
A. history
B. set
C. bashconf
D. setsh
E. envsetup
51- Which of the following commands replaces each occurrence of 'bob' in the file letter with 'Bob' and writes the result to the file newletter?
A. sed '/bob/Bob' letter > newletter
B. sed s/bob/Bob/ letter < newletter
C. sed 's/bob/Bob' letter > newletter
D. sed 's/bob/Bob/g' letter > newletter
E. sed 's/bob, Bob/' letter > newletter
52- From a Bash shell, which of the following commands directly executes the instruction from the file /usr/local/ bin/runm- E.sh without starting a subshell? (Please select TWO answers.)
A. source /usr/local/bin/runm- E.sh
B. . /usr/local/bin/runm- E.sh
C. /bin/bash /usr/local/bin/runm- E.sh
D. /usr/local/bin/runm- E.sh
E. run /usr/local/bin/runm- E.sh
53- Regarding the command: nice -5 /usr/bin/prog
Which of the following statements is correct?
A. /usr/bin/prog is executed with a nice level of -5.
B. /usr/bin/prog is executed with a nice level of 5.
C. /usr/bin/prog is executed with a priority of -5.
D. /usr/bin/prog is executed with a priority of 5.
54- Which shell command is used to continue background execution of a suspended command?
A. &
B. bg
C. cont
D. exec
E. :&
55- Which of the following shell redirections will write standard output and standard error output to a file named filename?
A. 2>&1 >filename
B. >filename 2>&1
C. 1>&2>filename
D. >>filename
E. 1&2>filename
56- In the vi editor, which of the following commands will copy the current line into the vi buffer?
A. c
B. cc
C. 1c
D. yy
E. 1y
57- Which of the following sequences in the vi editor saves the opened document and exits the editor? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
A. esc ZZ
B. ctrl :w!
C. esc zz
D. esc :wq!
E. ctrl XX
58- When starting a program with the nice command without any additional parameters, which nice level is set for the resulting process?
A. -10
B. 0
C. 10
D. 20
59- Which of the following commands will reduce all consecutive spaces down to a single space?
A. tr '\s' ' ' < - A.txt > - B.txt
B. tr -c ' ' < - A.txt > - B.txt
C. tr -d ' ' < - A.txt > - B.txt
D. tr -r ' ' '\n' < - A.txt > - B.txt
E. tr -s ' ' < - A.txt > - B.txt
ANSWERS:
50 Correct Answer: B
51 Correct Answer: D
52 Correct Answer: AB
53 Correct Answer: B
54 Correct Answer: B
55 Correct Answer: B
56 Correct Answer: D
57 Correct Answer: AD
58 Correct Answer: C
59 Correct Answer: E
60- Which character, added to the end of a command, runs that command in the background as a child process of the current shell?
A. !
B. +
C. &
D. %
E. #
61- Which of the following commands will print the last 10 lines of a text file to the standard output?
A. cat -n 10 filename
B. dump -n 10 filename
C. head -n 10 filename
D. tail -n 10 filename
62- Which of the following commands prints a list of usernames (first column) and their primary group (fourth column) from the /etc/passwd file?
A. fmt -f 1,4 /etc/passwd
B. split -c 1,4 /etc/passwd
C. cut -d : -f 1,4 /etc/passwd
D. paste -f 1,4 /etc/passwd
63- Which of the following signals is sent to a process when the key combination CTRL+C is pressed on the keyboard?
A. SIGTERM
B. SIGINT
C. SIGSTOP
D. SIGKILL
64- What happens after issuing the command vi without any additional parameters?
A. vi starts and loads the last file used and moves the cursor to the position where vi was when it last exite- D.
B. vi starts and requires the user to explicitly either create a new or load an existing fil- E.
C. vi exits with an error message as it cannot be invoked without a file name to operate on.
D. vi starts in command mode and opens a new empty fil- E.
E. vi starts and opens a new file which is filled with the content of the vi buffer if the buffer contains text.
65- Which of the following command sets the Bash variable named TEST with the content FOO?
A. set TEST="FOO"
B. TEST = "FOO"
C. var TEST="FOO"
D. TEST="FOO"
66- Which variable defines the directories in which a Bash shell searches for executable commands?
A. BASHEXEC
B. BASHRC
C. PATH
D. EXECPATH
E. PATHRC
67- Which of the following commands determines the type of a file by using a definition database file which contains information about all common file types?
A. magic
B. type
C. file
D. pmagic
E. hash
68- Which of the following commands can be used to search for the executable file foo when it has been placed in a directory not included in $PATH?
A. apropos
B. which
C. find
D. query
E. whereis
69- What does the command mount -a do?
A. It ensures that all file systems listed with the option noauto in /etc/fstab are mounte- D.
B. It shows all mounted file systems that have been automatically mounte- D.
C. It opens an editor with root privileges and loads /etc/fstab for editing.
D. It ensures that all file systems listed with the option auto in /etc/fstab are mounte- D.
E. It ensures that all file systems listed in /etc/fstab are mounted regardless of their options.
ANSWERS:
60 Correct Answer: C
61 Correct Answer: D
62 Correct Answer: C
63 Correct Answer: B
64 Correct Answer: D
65 Correct Answer: D
66 Correct Answer: C
67 Correct Answer: C
68 Correct Answer: C
69 Correct Answer: D
70- Which of the following settings for umask ensures that new files have the default permissions -rw-r----- ?
A. 0017
B. 0640
C. 0038
D. 0027
71- Which of the following is the device file name for the second partition on the only SCSI drive?
A. /dev/hda1
B. /dev/sda2
C. /dev/sd0a2
D. /dev/sd1p2
72- In order to display all currently mounted filesystems, which of the following commands could be used? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
A. cat /proc/self/mounts
B. free
C. mount
D. lsmounts
E. cat /proc/filesystems
73- Which of the following commands can be used to locate programs and their corresponding man pages and configuration files?
A. dirname
B. which
C. basename
D. query
E. whereis
74- Which of the following commands changes the number of days before the ext3 filesystem on /dev/sda1 has to run through a full filesystem check while booting?
A. tune2fs -d 200 /dev/sda1
B. tune2fs -c 200 /dev/sda1
C. tune2fs -i 200 /dev/sda1
D. tune2fs -n 200 /dev/sda1
E. tune2fs --days 200 /dev/sda1
75- Which type of filesystem is created by mkfs when it is executed with the block device name only and without any additional parameters?
A. ext2
B. ext3
C. ext4
D. XFS
E. VFAT
76- How many fields are in a syntactically correct line of /etc/fstab?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
E. 7
77- SIMULATION
Which command is used to create and initialize the files used to store quota information? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)
78- Which of the following file permissions belong to a symbolic link?
A. -rwxrwxrwx
B. +rwxrwxrwx
C. lrwxrwxrwx
D. srwxrwxrwx
79- Creating a hard link to an ordinary file returns an error. What could be the reason for this?
A. The source file is hidden.
B. The source file is read-only.
C. The source file is a shell script.
D. The source file is already a hard link.
E. The source and the target are on different filesystems.
80- Which of the following commands creates an ext3 filesystem on /dev/sdb1? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
A. /sbin/mke2fs -j /dev/sdb1
B. /sbin/mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
C. /sbin/mkfs -c ext3 /dev/sdb1
D. /sbin/mke3fs -j /dev/sdb1
81- Which of the following commands will change the quota for a specific user?
A. edquota
B. repquota
C. quota -e
D. quota
82- Which utility would be used to change how often a filesystem check is performed on an ext2 filesystem without losing any data stored on that filesystem?
A. mod2fs
B. fsck
C. tune2fs
D. mke2fs
E. fixe2fs
83- Which of the following Linux filesystems preallocates a fixed number of inodes at the filesystem's make/ creation time and does NOT generate them as needed? (Choose TWO correct answers.)
A. ext3
B. JFS
C. ext2
D. XFS
E. procfs
84- What is the purpose of the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard?
A. It is a security model used to ensure files are organized according to their permissions and accessibility.
B. It provides unified tools to create, maintain and manage multiple filesystems in a common way.
C. It defines a common internal structure of inodes for all compliant filesystems.
D. It is a distribution neutral description of locations of files and directories.
85- SIMULATION
Which umask value will result in the default access permissions of 600 (rw-------) for files and 700 (rwx------) for directories? (Specify only the numerical umask valu- E.)
ANSWERS:
70 Correct Answer: D
71 Correct Answer: B
72 Correct Answer: AC
73 Correct Answer: E
74 Correct Answer: C
75 Correct Answer: A
76 Correct Answer: D
77 Correct Answer: quotacheck
78 Correct Answer: C
79 Correct Answer: E
80 Correct Answer: AB
81 Correct Answer: A
82 Correct Answer: C
83 Correct Answer: AC
84 Correct Answer: D
85 Correct Answer: 0077, 077
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